The holotype of Centrolophus valenciennesi Moreau, 1881, from Marseille, previously synonymised either with Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788) or with Schedophilus ovalis (Cuvier, 1833) was re-examined and identified as Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill, 1815); this is the first record of this species in the Mediterranean. Although the holotype of Centrolophus newtoni Osorio, 1895, based on a specimen from Portugal, was destroyed by fire in 1978, it is established that this species, synonymised with Centrolophus niger, is in fact Hyperoglyphe perciformis.