Gymnochanda limi, new species, is described from the Batang Hari basin in Sumatra on the basis of a single specimen 21.5 mm SL, supposedly mature male. It is unique among Chandidae in possessing a very elongated second anal spine reaching to end of the anal fin; it also lacks the filamentous anal and second dorsal rays of other species of Gymnochanda. The modified anal spine, if confirmed as sexually dimorphic, is hypothesized to be used for display during courting and for keeping physical contact with the female during spawning.