Uncommon records of fishes may evidence local or global changes of fish composition resulting from environmental modifications or anthropic activities. Significant records of uncommon marine fishes, including threatened species, collected in French waters or by French vessels in European waters are reported for the year 2017. They include first, new, rare and unusual records for the following species: Sphyrna zygaena, Acipenser sturio, Muraena helena, Nessorhamphus ingolfianus, Evermannella balbo, Raniceps raninus, Cheilopogon heterurus, Scopelogadus beanii, Zenopsis conchifer, Eutelichthys leptochirus, Serranus cabrilla, Naucrates ductor, Seriola rivoliana, Gobius gasteveni, Gobius paganellus, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Ruvettus pretiosus, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, and Sphoeroides pachygaster.